MOSCOW (AFP) - The Soviet Union's last leader Mikhail Gorbachev on Wednesday expressed sadness that Russia was 'going backwards', two decades after the coup that precipitated the collapse of the USSR.
In a clear attack on the dominant political grouping of Vladimir Putin, Mr Gorbachev, 80, also warned that Russia should not repeat the mistake of the Soviet Union in being ruled by a monopoly.
Russia on Friday marks 20 years since the Aug 19, 1991 coup by Soviet hardliners against Gorbachev's policy of reform which ended up hastening the demise of the entire USSR in December that year.
'In short, I am unhappy,' said Mr Gorbachev.
'We are ranked lowest, together with African countries' in terms of mortality rate, and 'half the numbers of people receive education compared with the post-war years,' Mr Gorbachev lamented.
'There must be rotation in the higher ranks,' he said in response to a question of who should be the next president.
The 20th anniversary of the USSR's dissolution is set against an increasingly anxious atmosphere of uncertainty over who will be Russia's president for the next six years after polls next spring.
Mr Gorbachev regularly criticises Vladimir Putin, who served as president after Boris Yeltsin from 2000, and is currently prime minister. However Mr Putin is the main decision maker in the country even after giving up the Kremlin seat to his protege Dmitry Medvedev in 2008.
'The renewal is not limited to Mr Putin or Mr Medvedev, there need to be honest elections,' Mr Gorbachev continued, but instead, 'we use administrative resources' and regions are ordered to provide a certain percentage for the right candidates.
'If the regime is doing everything to strengthen its power, these are signs of authoritarianism,' he said.
Analysts have increasingly speculated that Mr Putin intends to return in the Kremlin and the prime minister has launched a broad-based United Civic Front to bring in supporters for his ruling United Russia party.
'The monopoly needs to be given up, we cannot repeat the Soviet Union's worst forms,' Mr Gorbachev said, calling the Front 'unacceptable'.
Observers have compared the United Russia party with the Communist Party which had a complete monopoly over policy making in the Soviet Union for 80 years until it was outlawed by Yeltsin.
